1 00:00:00,475 --> 00:00:09,615 EasterHegg 18 preroll music 2 00:00:11,870 --> 00:00:18,230 Benjamin: Yeah, my name is Benjamin Wand and I wanted to talk about organ building. 3 00:00:18,230 --> 00:00:24,840 Why do I do that? First of all I like musical instruments in general, and 4 00:00:24,840 --> 00:00:27,820 then I noticed that it is actually a cool nerd topic 5 00:00:27,820 --> 00:00:31,779 because it connects two things that, or it has two things that 6 00:00:31,779 --> 00:00:36,220 always are present with nerd-things, first of all making things available, 7 00:00:36,220 --> 00:00:40,630 that is, musical instrument making still gets passed on from master 8 00:00:40,630 --> 00:00:45,379 to disciple and it is not so greatly publicly documented and is 9 00:00:45,379 --> 00:00:51,210 just cool to reverse-engineer things. And the other thing is that with 10 00:00:51,210 --> 00:00:56,839 nerd-things one always likes to absurdly optimize, and that is in any case 11 00:00:56,839 --> 00:01:00,790 given as well for musical instrument making, they are very, they work 12 00:01:00,790 --> 00:01:07,000 very precisely and have very exact ideas about what they do 13 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:10,860 so to speak musical instrument making is all in all a perfect 14 00:01:10,860 --> 00:01:19,150 nerd-topic. Yes, everyone has seen an organ, they look like that, and what 15 00:01:19,150 --> 00:01:21,760 you see here only the facade, there are many more 16 00:01:21,760 --> 00:01:25,800 organ pipes inside, one takes just a bunch that one finds pretty and 17 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:32,120 attaches them in the front, such an interior designer person does that. And 18 00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:37,270 behind that, that thing is called positive when there are organ pipes in the middle 19 00:01:37,270 --> 00:01:41,550 of the gallery, behind that is the console, that is so to speak the 20 00:01:41,550 --> 00:01:45,091 user interface. But I thought I'd first say some general things, well 21 00:01:45,091 --> 00:01:50,910 laughter somewhere data has to get in, one 22 00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:56,740 pushes buttons and stuff and then somewhere comes air. A big church organ 23 00:01:56,740 --> 00:02:02,530 runs at something like 0.1 bar but it is a lot of volume, that is why there are those 24 00:02:02,530 --> 00:02:08,639 bellows. Organ builders indeed still put stones on their bellows for the weight 25 00:02:08,639 --> 00:02:14,530 nowadays. Somehow data has to get from A to B, therefore many organ builders have 26 00:02:14,530 --> 00:02:20,730 thought out many things, mostly they have to do with mechanical transmission 27 00:02:20,730 --> 00:02:25,340 or with pneumatic transmission and of course nowadays also electronic. 28 00:02:25,340 --> 00:02:28,749 And then we have organized air, that is what actually happens with 29 00:02:28,749 --> 00:02:34,250 wind instruments, it goes to the pipes and tones come out. Like I said, there are 30 00:02:34,250 --> 00:02:37,959 very many kinds of organ pipes, they all sound a bit differently. 31 00:02:37,959 --> 00:02:44,909 Those are common models that someone has kindly 32 00:02:44,909 --> 00:02:49,109 drawn for the Wikipedia, and then it is like that that of every kind of pipe 33 00:02:49,109 --> 00:02:55,250 which is present there is one keyboard full of pipes available, 34 00:02:55,250 --> 00:02:59,081 very small to very big, and they are called something with foot and that is the 35 00:02:59,081 --> 00:03:05,459 length of the lowest tone, when for instance a row of organ pipes is called '8 foot' 36 00:03:05,459 --> 00:03:18,150 that means that the longest pipe is eight foot long, 2.40 meters 37 00:03:18,150 --> 00:03:23,950 This one could call the cockpit of a romantic organ. Organs were, ... 38 00:03:23,950 --> 00:03:27,599 there is a big period in the Baroque Music and a big period in the 39 00:03:27,599 --> 00:03:32,819 Romantic Music. There are the keyboards, at organs they are called 40 00:03:32,819 --> 00:03:39,360 manual and then down there there is a foot-keyboard, called pedal, then it has 41 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:45,560 stuff to set dynamics here, down there are things to operate by foot, 42 00:03:45,560 --> 00:03:51,279 a lever can be operated like that there are also some to roll 43 00:03:51,279 --> 00:03:57,250 there are here on the side, and there are displays for the status 44 00:03:57,250 --> 00:04:02,870 And then there are all those toggle switches, they are the 45 00:04:02,870 --> 00:04:09,180 stop tabs, they make whether a row of organ pipes is on 46 00:04:09,180 --> 00:04:12,310 one can imagine it like that, given you have these kinds of pipes, they 47 00:04:12,310 --> 00:04:15,579 stick to a keyboard, there is always a set of organ pipes per keyboard 48 00:04:15,579 --> 00:04:21,269 this is only one octave but virtually in every box would be a pipe 49 00:04:21,269 --> 00:04:28,750 of every kind one, of every size one, four and a half octaves for 50 00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:33,039 one keyboard and two and a half for the pedal. And they stand in a 51 00:04:33,039 --> 00:04:37,291 toe board, it is not necessarily rectangular but they mill-cut around the 52 00:04:37,291 --> 00:04:43,370 corner if that fits better and when one chooses pipes 53 00:04:43,370 --> 00:04:46,480 now those both rows, so to say they are on, and then pushes 54 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:51,360 one tone, the yellow sketched in pipes receive air and it toots. 55 00:04:51,360 --> 00:05:01,290 Yes? That is how it works. Ok, and what now? Like I said I like musical instruments 56 00:05:01,290 --> 00:05:05,070 and last summer I had an internship at an organ maker and 57 00:05:05,070 --> 00:05:10,740 unfortunately I found it terrible, but for me the result was that I wanted to try to 58 00:05:10,740 --> 00:05:20,699 build an organ with real dynamics like on a piano. Now I'm 59 00:05:20,699 --> 00:05:28,460 one too far but that doesn't matter. Like that, that is a recording that I 60 00:05:28,460 --> 00:05:32,680 ... electronically ... doesn't sound well, but just that you see 61 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:36,460 what I mean by dynamics, because there aren't always only musicians. 62 00:05:36,460 --> 00:05:38,410 It still has to work. electic piano 63 00:05:38,410 --> 00:05:42,340 That is so to say 'piano', if you push hard 64 00:05:42,350 --> 00:05:49,860 loud and soft tones come. electric piano 65 00:05:49,870 --> 00:05:53,679 If you do that with an organ it doesn't work, no matter how hard you push, ok? 66 00:05:53,679 --> 00:05:58,090 Hammond organ 67 00:05:58,100 --> 00:06:05,090 Not hard to see. Hammond organ 68 00:06:05,090 --> 00:06:10,629 That is an old thing, trying to teach dynamics to keyboard instruments, 69 00:06:10,629 --> 00:06:13,240 the piano emerged that way, regarding the harpsichord people complained 70 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:18,210 that it sounds like 8-bit music and people wanted more resolution. 71 00:06:18,210 --> 00:06:25,689 laughter Exactly. And for the organ it still 72 00:06:25,689 --> 00:06:32,470 doesn't really work. There are several reasons for that. First of all, 73 00:06:32,470 --> 00:06:37,610 keyboard instrument in general have a focus on music theory. If you 74 00:06:37,610 --> 00:06:41,680 imagine a band, the dude at the keyboard is the nerd. Not always but that's a thing. 75 00:06:41,680 --> 00:06:51,620 And that a tone on a keyboard instrument, that it is one state, 76 00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:57,280 a digital state, buys polyphony. One can play many tones at once 77 00:06:57,280 --> 00:07:00,470 and do complex things on the piano and that is possible 78 00:07:00,470 --> 00:07:05,101 because one tone is always one thing, otherwise it would be crazy. There are 79 00:07:05,101 --> 00:07:08,599 those seaboards where you can slide the finger, but I haven't seen 80 00:07:08,599 --> 00:07:12,659 decent music for it, at least no polyphonic one. That is the classic 81 00:07:12,659 --> 00:07:18,050 that keyboard instruments are connected with music theory and polyphony 82 00:07:18,050 --> 00:07:22,620 Then this is the case with organs: they are expensive and very 83 00:07:22,620 --> 00:07:26,240 conservative people pay for it, churches and alike, they don't like 84 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:31,449 experiments. And if an inventor builds something, he builds a prototype 85 00:07:31,449 --> 00:07:35,439 with three tones, and then a musician makes sung: doo doo doo doo doo doo 86 00:07:35,439 --> 00:07:42,240 'What is this? I can not do anything with it' 87 00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:48,139 And then, there are two types of organ pipes that were on the picture, 88 00:07:48,139 --> 00:07:51,909 labial pipes and lingual pipes, and those are labial pipes. They look like 89 00:07:51,909 --> 00:07:59,550 a recorder and work like it, and are limited in their ability to 90 00:07:59,550 --> 00:08:04,439 perform dynamics because the pitch changes, like that 91 00:08:04,439 --> 00:08:09,810 labial pipe Do you hear that? It goes a bit higher and lower 92 00:08:09,810 --> 00:08:13,930 and that makes many things in music 93 00:08:13,930 --> 00:08:24,870 complicated. Not impossible but it is a disadvantage 94 00:08:24,870 --> 00:08:29,510 Like shown in the picture of the cockpit, there were attempts to get 95 00:08:29,510 --> 00:08:35,650 dynamics on the organ. The first one was the swell box, there is a set 96 00:08:35,650 --> 00:08:38,429 of organ pipes in a box and it has doors in he front that 97 00:08:38,429 --> 00:08:40,759 can be closed and opened and depending how open they are 98 00:08:40,759 --> 00:08:46,560 the louder or softer it is. And then, in the Romantic Organ one invented 99 00:08:46,560 --> 00:08:51,820 a thing called crescendo pedal, there you can't only switch on 100 00:08:51,820 --> 00:08:54,040 and off organ stops with a toggle switch 101 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:59,970 but thee are presets where you can choose loudness and it works 102 00:08:59,970 --> 00:09:04,511 on its own, switches stops on and off 103 00:09:04,511 --> 00:09:07,980 depending how 'loud' you make it. But then it still doesn't influence how 104 00:09:07,980 --> 00:09:12,190 much you push on each key, right? The volume adjustment ist always for 105 00:09:12,190 --> 00:09:17,380 the entire keyboard. And then in Romantic Music some organs 106 00:09:17,380 --> 00:09:20,660 had the feature that when you depress a button only half way 107 00:09:20,660 --> 00:09:28,590 the pipe only gets half air. Thats nice, and you saw with the pipe 108 00:09:28,590 --> 00:09:31,260 it is a bit complicated but possible. 109 00:09:31,260 --> 00:09:35,750 This technology had the problem that 110 00:09:35,750 --> 00:09:40,360 when you depressed a key you always had to lift each valve 111 00:09:40,360 --> 00:09:43,320 that belonged to all the used pipes, meaning that if you used 112 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:47,490 many stops you had to push very hard with your fingers, that's why 113 00:09:47,490 --> 00:09:52,570 it was hard for musicians. And now one can 114 00:09:52,570 --> 00:09:55,889 replicate that with electronics, one measures 115 00:09:55,889 --> 00:10:01,220 how deeply the key is depressed, with a hall sensor, and then one moves 116 00:10:01,220 --> 00:10:07,340 the valve on the other side, like the input was. 117 00:10:07,340 --> 00:10:16,420 There is this yummy talk, they explain it thoroughly how this company Heuss does it, 118 00:10:16,420 --> 00:10:22,750 that is one of their employees, they programmed it. 119 00:10:22,750 --> 00:10:28,110 The problem though is, and that is why I don't consider it a solution: 120 00:10:28,110 --> 00:10:33,040 one can't play with half depressed keys. Imagine writing code and some shortcuts 121 00:10:33,040 --> 00:10:35,900 are on half depressed keys. 122 00:10:35,900 --> 00:10:37,900 laughter 123 00:10:37,900 --> 00:10:43,380 Nice thing, I call it 'expressive play', 124 00:10:43,380 --> 00:10:45,810 it is still not dynamics but expressive play. 125 00:10:45,810 --> 00:10:49,290 Not bad, actually quite cool, but still not dynamics. 126 00:10:49,290 --> 00:11:00,120 What have I done until now? 127 00:11:00,120 --> 00:11:03,810 First of all I looked into this problem that pipes have this property 128 00:11:03,810 --> 00:11:06,410 to change the pitch with the air pressure. Or rather 129 00:11:06,410 --> 00:11:12,899 I didn't do it but 25 years ago someone invented a new type or organ pipe. 130 00:11:12,899 --> 00:11:22,420 I have to go to FreeCAD. This is a reed of a harmonica 131 00:11:22,420 --> 00:11:26,010 or any other free reed instrument, 132 00:11:26,010 --> 00:11:30,850 the thin sheet is fixed on the thick sheet with a rivet, and if you 133 00:11:30,850 --> 00:11:34,670 blow on it from above a tone comes, approximately like that. 134 00:11:34,670 --> 00:11:39,160 harmonica-tone And the interesting thing he invented, 135 00:11:39,160 --> 00:11:44,790 his name was Ernst Zacharias, 136 00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:50,449 is that if you put such a thing the wrong way around 137 00:11:50,449 --> 00:11:53,909 into a tube, it shouldn't work but it does. 138 00:11:53,909 --> 00:12:00,620 And that is a not so good pipe 139 00:12:00,620 --> 00:12:07,070 but I made one myself. Like I said, it has the lovely property 140 00:12:07,070 --> 00:12:09,880 that you can change the volume a bit 141 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:19,070 without changing the pitch. Zacharias-pipe 142 00:12:19,070 --> 00:12:24,630 Though one can see in the spectrogram that the partials change a bit. 143 00:12:24,630 --> 00:12:33,489 Zacharias-pipe 144 00:12:33,489 --> 00:12:36,790 When one blows more there are more overtones, it isn't entirely 145 00:12:36,790 --> 00:12:44,970 free of side effects but that is quite cool. 146 00:12:44,970 --> 00:12:56,260 Then, I 3d-printed many organ pipes and brought some. 147 00:12:56,260 --> 00:13:02,930 Those, there is a list how to do it, 148 00:13:02,930 --> 00:13:06,520 how to do the proportions if you have different sizes of organ pipes. 149 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:10,579 I've made a standard set with different diameters of tube. 150 00:13:10,579 --> 00:13:16,520 The reason for the tubes is: organ pipes 151 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:21,170 are large, they don't fit into the 3d printer, I didn't want to do wood working, 152 00:13:21,170 --> 00:13:25,390 led isn't that good in the kitchen. laughter 153 00:13:25,390 --> 00:13:30,229 Organ metal is a great material but not so accessible for private people. 154 00:13:30,229 --> 00:13:37,740 Those are pipes that should belong together, that are made according to 155 00:13:37,740 --> 00:13:40,600 standard measurements. 156 00:13:40,600 --> 00:13:46,769 labial pipe Maybe we should go back to 157 00:13:46,769 --> 00:13:53,053 the spectrogram, that is interesting as well. And the meaning of the matter 158 00:13:53,053 --> 00:13:56,089 is supposed to be that the overtone-stuff looks somewhat similar. 159 00:13:56,089 --> 00:14:09,399 labial pipe 160 00:14:09,399 --> 00:14:27,490 I'd say that is alright, for other pipes it looks very differently, 161 00:14:27,490 --> 00:14:32,610 that is a flute. labial pipe 162 00:14:32,610 --> 00:14:36,540 See it, right? inaudible question from the audience 163 00:14:36,540 --> 00:14:43,970 Yes, maybe I should talk a bit about this. 164 00:14:43,970 --> 00:14:51,310 The lowest tone is the one you hear, for example that one, and then it is the 165 00:14:51,310 --> 00:14:54,019 case that in a resonator not only the basic frequency vibrates 166 00:14:54,019 --> 00:15:02,079 but also multiples of it, and depending what shape the pipe has, like 167 00:15:02,079 --> 00:15:06,190 how big this hole is in relation to the length and diameter 168 00:15:06,190 --> 00:15:11,480 these proportions influence the sound 169 00:15:11,480 --> 00:15:15,520 and that is how there are different kinds of organ pipes. 170 00:15:15,520 --> 00:15:21,069 inaudible question from the audience 'How many partials do I want' 171 00:15:21,069 --> 00:15:27,940 was the question, I should repeat the questions. That is ... 172 00:15:27,940 --> 00:15:32,480 I'd love to have such recordings from normal organ pipes but I don't have them. 173 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:39,259 inaudible question from the audience Printing those things once 174 00:15:39,259 --> 00:15:42,730 in different sizes was the goal here, to see whether if the 175 00:15:42,730 --> 00:15:46,949 proportions are similar, do they sound similar enough to be called one organ stop. 176 00:15:46,949 --> 00:15:52,200 What one can see with them is that they 177 00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:58,990 sound funny in the beginning, 178 00:15:58,990 --> 00:16:04,870 always when I start to blow, instantly really, I get the tone you saw. 179 00:16:04,870 --> 00:16:08,019 labial pipe 180 00:16:08,019 --> 00:16:10,670 But when I blow little you see a funny effect. 181 00:16:10,670 --> 00:16:19,029 labial pipe Great (not). But here in the beginning one could see it. 182 00:16:19,029 --> 00:16:25,950 labial pipe Before it had a little swerve. 183 00:16:25,950 --> 00:16:33,730 That means, I wouldn't print a whole set of them, as they are now, for 184 00:16:33,730 --> 00:16:40,500 an organ with dynamics, that would be rubbish. 185 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:48,000 I'll talk about the file now. These FreeCAD files can be found on GitHub, 186 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:53,839 and when one look at one, one first has to go to the spreadsheet, 187 00:16:53,839 --> 00:17:02,089 put in values for the thickness of the tube, outside and inside, how wide 188 00:17:02,089 --> 00:17:09,440 and high do I want that opening. And the block chamfer, honestly 189 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:14,290 I don't know what it is good for but it exists in recorders, 190 00:17:14,290 --> 00:17:21,280 it is this edge here, one can switch it on and off in the FreeCAD file. 191 00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:31,400 And this is such an organ pipe. I've always slices them at a 45° angle, 192 00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:38,380 like that, with the goal to not have 193 00:17:38,380 --> 00:17:43,049 to remove support structure from inside, one always tries to get the labium smooth, 194 00:17:43,049 --> 00:17:46,780 and also this tube where you blow through 195 00:17:46,780 --> 00:17:52,360 if you have support structure inside it is not so nice to get out. 196 00:17:52,360 --> 00:18:01,350 So, I always printed them on 45°, 197 00:18:01,350 --> 00:18:05,309 and then I had the idea to rotate the interesting part 45° 198 00:18:05,309 --> 00:18:10,160 and designed those. I've tried printing but it didn't work. 199 00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:13,530 There is a 3d printer in the hackcenter but it is clogged. 200 00:18:13,530 --> 00:18:19,080 I'm very curious how it'll sound, whether this is useful. 201 00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:23,650 I've also made other experimental things like traverse flutes 202 00:18:23,650 --> 00:18:28,450 and funny things where you can stick a tube in on both sides. 203 00:18:28,450 --> 00:18:35,730 One can design the wildest things in 3d. 204 00:18:35,730 --> 00:18:52,250 inaudible question from the audience I do't understand the question. 205 00:18:52,250 --> 00:18:56,510 Wait, there is a microphone for you. Audience: The result is, 206 00:18:56,510 --> 00:19:00,780 if it sounds at all it should sound with a wide spectrum, with a washed-out tone, 207 00:19:00,780 --> 00:19:05,770 right? Benjamin: I'm curious. 208 00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:08,340 I've made fun things, for instance files with 209 00:19:08,340 --> 00:19:14,780 a curved labium. I'm interested in this because it limits the effect 210 00:19:14,780 --> 00:19:19,890 that the pitch changes, it is less in those. 211 00:19:19,890 --> 00:19:26,140 labial pipe It is there but very small, much less 212 00:19:26,140 --> 00:19:30,909 then with those. I don't know why. And curved labium is also new, I haven't 213 00:19:30,909 --> 00:19:33,740 seen musical instruments with that feature, 214 00:19:33,740 --> 00:19:38,179 because if you build from wood it would be complicated but with 3d printing - 215 00:19:38,179 --> 00:19:42,669 no problem. laughter 216 00:19:42,669 --> 00:19:49,130 I'm curious how it sounds, I have no idea, none at all. 217 00:19:49,130 --> 00:19:54,659 But if it would work that would be cool. 218 00:19:54,659 --> 00:19:58,470 inaudible question from the audience Yes, when I'm home I can do this 219 00:19:58,470 --> 00:20:04,480 but if someone could print it now that would be cool, sure, then we can try 220 00:20:04,480 --> 00:20:08,730 it here at EasterHegg. 221 00:20:08,730 --> 00:20:12,669 Another thing I've changed is the thing is the thing at the bottom, for the case 222 00:20:12,669 --> 00:20:17,340 to stick a tube inside because I thought a good next step would be 223 00:20:17,340 --> 00:20:20,900 a small instrument with pneumatic action 224 00:20:20,900 --> 00:20:27,880 and no or almost no electronics 225 00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,490 in order to test pipes on a keybord 226 00:20:30,490 --> 00:20:34,500 because so far I can only blow inside, 227 00:20:34,500 --> 00:20:46,350 would be cooler to play on a keyboard. That is an image of a pipe I've played 228 00:20:46,350 --> 00:20:51,740 so that you can imagine it better. 229 00:20:51,740 --> 00:20:55,350 So far I've just fixed it with tape. 230 00:20:55,350 --> 00:20:58,850 That is another folder, also on GitHub, 231 00:20:58,850 --> 00:21:03,100 it has those inverted free reed pipes. 232 00:21:03,100 --> 00:21:07,720 A thing that I find particularly interesting with those pipes is 233 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:13,070 playing Shepherd tones. Like that, imagine that the red tones are 'f's, 234 00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:16,110 one would play 'f's of all octaves at once, 235 00:21:16,110 --> 00:21:24,429 in the middle louder than outside. That is a popular toy in film music, 236 00:21:24,429 --> 00:21:29,940 one can do fun psychoacoustic tricks with it and this would be the first time 237 00:21:29,940 --> 00:21:35,200 to play Shepherd tones on an acoustic instrument. 238 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:42,900 It would be either possible to build a stop of Shepherd tones, 239 00:21:42,900 --> 00:21:46,840 which would be plausible as well because one needs eight octaves, which is 240 00:21:46,840 --> 00:21:54,360 more than a normal organ has, or one does it with proportional air supply, 241 00:21:54,360 --> 00:22:00,080 that the pipes that play the Shepherd tones can be used as normal tones. 242 00:22:00,080 --> 00:22:10,470 Thoughts about keyboard expression. 243 00:22:10,470 --> 00:22:13,500 I had mentioned before that there are those Romantic organs that measure what 244 00:22:13,500 --> 00:22:18,169 gets replicated as electronic, how deeply the key is depressed. That isn't the 245 00:22:18,169 --> 00:22:22,900 only possibility how to do that. If one builds an electric piano, 246 00:22:22,900 --> 00:22:26,890 the speed, in which the keys get 247 00:22:26,890 --> 00:22:32,690 depressed, gets measured, that is 248 00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:36,830 another input, and a third way is the pressure on the key, that is when one buys 249 00:22:36,830 --> 00:22:40,990 a keyboard with polyphonic aftertouch, it measured the pressure 250 00:22:40,990 --> 00:22:46,090 on the depressed keys. And in the long run I'd prefer that, becauee 251 00:22:46,090 --> 00:22:51,940 then one can change the volume of an already pressed key, other than when 252 00:22:51,940 --> 00:22:57,331 measuring the speed. On the other hand 253 00:22:57,331 --> 00:23:02,590 you don't have the problem of not being able to play with half depressed keys. 254 00:23:02,590 --> 00:23:06,950 How ever, it will be a new instrument and I'm assuming that it'll take a pianist 255 00:23:06,950 --> 00:23:09,950 two or three months to get used to it, to 256 00:23:09,950 --> 00:23:16,240 this new way, that the pressure gets measured. Most pianists can't play 257 00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:19,650 on the clavichord. At the clavichord the pressure gets measured and 258 00:23:19,650 --> 00:23:22,970 influences the pitch. Usually it sounds terrible at first but 259 00:23:22,970 --> 00:23:26,029 some pianists can already do it, one can learn it. 260 00:23:26,029 --> 00:23:32,220 How ever. There is one thing I need and not having it keeps me from 261 00:23:32,220 --> 00:23:38,330 progressing with the project, and I'm hoping for a miracle in the form of 262 00:23:38,330 --> 00:23:44,720 a person, and the problem is the actuator. An organ with electric direct action 263 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:47,891 would use an actuator that looks like this 264 00:23:47,891 --> 00:23:52,179 there are two magnets and this thing here 265 00:23:52,179 --> 00:23:58,500 can be moved up and down, proportionally how deeply the key is depressed. 266 00:23:58,500 --> 00:24:04,429 The problem is that this is fairly expensive and I'd like to have one for 267 00:24:04,429 --> 00:24:10,380 each pipe, I'd like to get rid of the matrix, also for example 268 00:24:10,380 --> 00:24:13,890 for performing Shepherd tones. 269 00:24:13,890 --> 00:24:23,029 If each pipe gets their own actuator, that is a point where I can't continue 270 00:24:23,029 --> 00:24:26,370 at the moment, why I would build 271 00:24:26,370 --> 00:24:30,270 a small thing with pneumatic action because that is easier. 272 00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:35,340 If someone had an idea about fluid dynamics, that would be cool 273 00:24:35,340 --> 00:24:37,960 to figure out why the pipes with 274 00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:42,520 the curved labium change the pitch less than the others. 275 00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:48,320 That would be cool. And i've told the thing with the 276 00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:54,550 actuator to many people, and then they reply 'use a servo'. But that won't work 277 00:24:54,550 --> 00:25:01,850 because they are either too slow or too noisy. You've probably seen 278 00:25:01,850 --> 00:25:05,320 on YouTube someone play the Super Mario theme on 279 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:09,549 stepper motors. They are really noisy! Or they are expensive. 280 00:25:09,549 --> 00:25:13,980 Less noisy servos exist but somewhere in this triangle it is not getting better. 281 00:25:13,980 --> 00:25:18,470 Pneumatics, same problem, also expensive. 282 00:25:18,470 --> 00:25:28,830 inaudible question from the audience Question: what does the actuator do? 283 00:25:28,830 --> 00:25:34,169 The actuator does that a thing can move between two points, and also in-between. 284 00:25:34,169 --> 00:25:39,030 And I'd say that the illusion of it being 285 00:25:39,030 --> 00:25:41,350 continuous would be at at least 20 steps. 286 00:25:41,350 --> 00:25:48,080 inaudible question from the audience Exactly, I need a proportional valve. 287 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:57,669 Like I said, at the moment I'm planning 288 00:25:57,669 --> 00:26:01,830 to build a small instrument with pneumatic action in order to continue working 289 00:26:01,830 --> 00:26:06,919 on my pipes. The whole stuff in on GitHub if you're curious, and I'm looking 290 00:26:06,919 --> 00:26:13,559 to hear from other builders of musical instruments. 291 00:26:13,559 --> 00:26:16,960 Are there more questions? There is a microphone, than the questions will 292 00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:24,549 be on the stream, that would be cool. There is one. 293 00:26:24,549 --> 00:26:39,169 Audience: Hi, I'm Max and I play organ. Hello Martin. And I work at a university 294 00:26:39,169 --> 00:26:42,580 that has measurement technology, and we do a course, 295 00:26:42,580 --> 00:26:46,039 so far I'm officially responsible, for the Cultural Studies, what 296 00:26:46,039 --> 00:26:51,110 was it called? Digital Sound-synthesis. There we have some measuring devices and 297 00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:53,340 the university does have an organ. You've said 298 00:26:53,340 --> 00:26:58,410 you'd like to do acoustic measurements of some stops, 299 00:26:58,410 --> 00:27:00,710 Possibly you can be helped. 300 00:27:00,710 --> 00:27:05,160 Benjamin: Oh yes, that sounds great, we should do it. The files 301 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,159 are called '0 - something', and that is very undetermined, 302 00:27:09,159 --> 00:27:13,260 I thought I'd go '1' once I've figured out how I want to do it with the toe board. 303 00:27:13,260 --> 00:27:24,169 So to speak what is there on the right, 304 00:27:24,169 --> 00:27:27,440 organ pipes have certain diameters that have to fit, one can exchange 305 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:30,970 the pipes, and I haven#t figured out how I'd do it because I always used to 306 00:27:30,970 --> 00:27:34,950 blow in with the mouth and I thought I'll call it '1-something' after deciding 307 00:27:34,950 --> 00:27:38,730 how the lower side should look like, 308 00:27:38,730 --> 00:27:46,330 the interface to the outside. Yes, I'd have to do that in order to 309 00:27:46,330 --> 00:27:51,000 put the 3d printed pipes into a toe board, right? You don't know either. 310 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:53,910 inaudible question from the audience 311 00:27:53,910 --> 00:28:00,049 That would be cool, because it is badly documented until now, I rarely 312 00:28:00,049 --> 00:28:06,159 find spectrograms like this. 313 00:28:06,159 --> 00:28:13,130 inaudible question from the audience Yes, we'll talk afterwards, looking forwards. 314 00:28:13,130 --> 00:28:19,950 There, another question. Audience: In Stuttgart at ... 315 00:28:19,950 --> 00:28:23,019 Benjamin: ... Fraunhofer ... Audience: ... am Fraunhofer Institut, 316 00:28:23,019 --> 00:28:26,429 okay, you know them. Benjamin: I've tried to contact them 317 00:28:26,429 --> 00:28:28,490 but nothing happened. 318 00:28:28,490 --> 00:28:31,211 Audience: Ok, that is unfortunate because coincidentally 319 00:28:31,211 --> 00:28:37,520 I know that they have a tool for parametric design of organ pipes, where 320 00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:41,789 one can choose partials and they also do 321 00:28:41,789 --> 00:28:47,010 fluid dynamics and stuff. 322 00:28:47,010 --> 00:28:51,529 But I don't know either how happily they give it to people but they 323 00:28:51,529 --> 00:28:55,120 certainly have cool things. Benjamin: Ja, that was what I found as 324 00:28:55,120 --> 00:29:00,540 well, but like I said, they didn't want to talk to me. Good, there is 325 00:29:00,540 --> 00:29:05,899 another question next to you. Audience: I can make contact, 326 00:29:05,899 --> 00:29:10,820 my cousin is professional organ builder, 327 00:29:10,820 --> 00:29:16,059 who usually does restoration and new construction of classical pipe organs, 328 00:29:16,059 --> 00:29:19,200 but I could imagine to make contact and one could visit his workshop 329 00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:22,230 that should be easy. 330 00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:24,930 Benjamin: Where is it? 331 00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:27,930 Audience: Siegen. Benjamin: Mh, like I said, I did an 332 00:29:27,930 --> 00:29:30,240 internship at an organ workshop, that wasn't delightful. 333 00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:32,920 Audience: That wasn't my cousin. 334 00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:34,920 Benjamin: Yeah ... laughter 335 00:29:34,920 --> 00:29:38,880 Benjamin: But sure, I don't think that my 3d printed organ pipes are that supreme, 336 00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:45,100 right? Rather it is a toy for prototyping 337 00:29:45,100 --> 00:29:49,080 and trying things out, like 338 00:29:49,080 --> 00:29:53,470 curved labium, that would be a lot more effort with wood, and metal would 339 00:29:53,470 --> 00:29:57,290 but someone would have to pay for it. 340 00:29:57,290 --> 00:30:06,679 I don't know what exactly metal pipes cost but more than this. 341 00:30:06,679 --> 00:30:13,059 Audience: At a restauration sometimes 342 00:30:13,059 --> 00:30:17,590 some pipes are left over. 343 00:30:17,590 --> 00:30:22,700 Benjamin: Yes, cool, thanks. 344 00:30:22,700 --> 00:30:33,360 Are there more questions? You can also try all of them, for instance this 345 00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:38,460 where one sticks it in the middle, oh, ask your question. 346 00:30:38,460 --> 00:30:40,549 Audience: What do you want to determine 347 00:30:40,549 --> 00:30:45,391 with your proportional valve, the pressure or the volume of air? 348 00:30:45,391 --> 00:30:54,779 Benjamin: The volume. The pressure is even per stop, different stops can have 349 00:30:54,779 --> 00:30:58,670 different pressure but the pressure 350 00:30:58,670 --> 00:31:06,549 is even within one stop, and then the 351 00:31:06,549 --> 00:31:15,200 actuator moves right-left back and forth, 352 00:31:15,200 --> 00:31:20,559 to move the valve. 353 00:31:20,559 --> 00:31:26,870 inaudible question from the audience 354 00:31:26,870 --> 00:31:32,179 That is really a bit odd. 355 00:31:32,179 --> 00:31:36,389 This looks like a recorder, right? 356 00:31:36,389 --> 00:31:40,670 And in a recorder, German: Blockflöte, there is the block inside. But here 357 00:31:40,670 --> 00:31:50,909 nothing alike is inside. I found it funny that that works and thought apparently 358 00:31:50,909 --> 00:31:55,419 the labium doesn't need to be at the end of the pipe, it isn't 359 00:31:55,419 --> 00:31:59,700 necessary, and then I made one ... or several ... where one can plug in a 360 00:31:59,700 --> 00:32:02,620 tube on both ends. But I can't make sense 361 00:32:02,620 --> 00:32:11,799 of the pitch that comes out. labial pipe, several pitches 362 00:32:11,799 --> 00:32:23,809 laughter Interesting, but I don't have an explanation. 363 00:32:23,809 --> 00:32:38,230 What? Ok. labial pipe, several pitches 364 00:32:38,230 --> 00:32:48,250 inaudible question from the audience Yes, that is plausible but why so high, 365 00:32:48,250 --> 00:32:59,909 the length if the pipe doesn't match the pitch. 366 00:32:59,909 --> 00:33:06,649 Yeah. inaudible question from the audience 367 00:33:06,649 --> 00:33:19,350 What do I do when I cover what? Oh yes, let's try. 368 00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:28,159 labial pipe, changing pitch laughter 369 00:33:28,159 --> 00:33:33,169 music There are several ways to tune 370 00:33:33,169 --> 00:33:37,070 organ pipes, this is one of them. There is a piece of sheet metal attached on top 371 00:33:37,070 --> 00:33:45,419 and you can bend it onto and away from the pipe. I've also tried 3d printing items 372 00:33:45,419 --> 00:33:51,039 for tuning organ pipes but that was all rubbish, the only thing that worked 373 00:33:51,039 --> 00:33:55,260 was t stick another tube onto it, or a lid 374 00:33:55,260 --> 00:33:59,350 in case of a stopped pipe, and to move it up and down, things with 375 00:33:59,350 --> 00:34:04,399 folding din't work in 3d printing. 376 00:34:04,399 --> 00:34:12,159 Weird. There, a question in the back. inaudible question from the audience 377 00:34:12,159 --> 00:34:16,530 Audience: Oh, once again with mike. If you do the finger on it, you're 378 00:34:16,530 --> 00:34:19,210 making a half stopped pipe, which means the tube gets longer. 379 00:34:19,210 --> 00:34:21,210 Benjamin: Yes. Audience: It makes sense that 380 00:34:21,210 --> 00:34:26,860 is gets lower. Benjamin: What exactly make sense, that? 381 00:34:26,860 --> 00:34:30,199 No. That? labial pipe, different pitch 382 00:34:30,199 --> 00:34:40,770 But why is it a fifth? For a stopped pipe it should be an octave. 383 00:34:40,770 --> 00:34:42,780 laughter 384 00:34:42,780 --> 00:34:45,550 Audience: They have different length. 385 00:34:45,550 --> 00:34:53,219 Benjamin: Yes, should we, do I have two of identical length? Yes, If I take this 386 00:34:53,219 --> 00:35:06,860 and add that. So, same length now, ok? 387 00:35:06,860 --> 00:35:16,580 labial pipe, different pitch It wants to overblow, that doesn't fit. 388 00:35:16,580 --> 00:35:23,730 I don't gat the basic frequency. labial pipe, different pitch 389 00:35:23,730 --> 00:35:31,580 That tends to happen when a tube is too thin relative to the length. If one 390 00:35:31,580 --> 00:35:37,100 wants to have a sound with lots of partials, one makes a thinner pipe but 391 00:35:37,100 --> 00:35:44,120 when one overdoes it one doesn't get the basic frequency anymore. 392 00:35:44,120 --> 00:35:54,420 inaudible question from the audience Yes, brass instruments. 393 00:35:54,420 --> 00:36:00,590 laughter inaudible question from the audience 394 00:36:00,590 --> 00:36:06,770 Exactly. inaudible question from the audience 395 00:36:06,770 --> 00:36:16,800 laughter Ok, then not, don't know. There is a limit 396 00:36:16,800 --> 00:36:21,300 to how much I can recommend blowing into them because I was very sick last week. 397 00:36:21,300 --> 00:36:26,310 laughter But apart from that you are invited to 398 00:36:26,310 --> 00:36:30,110 try them all. They all look a bit differently. I've also made 399 00:36:30,110 --> 00:36:35,050 traverse flutes. 400 00:36:35,050 --> 00:36:41,640 traverse flute I just wanted to try it. 401 00:36:41,640 --> 00:36:47,650 Makes a tone. Cool, thanks. 402 00:36:47,650 --> 00:36:54,750 applause 403 00:36:55,929 --> 00:37:04,205 postroll music